Quick Facts
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by 6 months or more of chronic,
exaggerated worry and tension that is unfounded or much more severe than the normal
anxiety most people experience. People with this disorder usually expect the worst; they
worry excessively about money, health, family, or work, even when there are no signs of
trouble. They are unable to relax and often suffer from insomnia. Many people with GAD
also have physical symptoms, such as fatigue, trembling, muscle tension, headaches,
irritability, or hot flashes. Fortunately, through research supported by the National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), effective treatments have been developed to help people
with GAD.
How Common is GAD?
- About 3 to 4% of the U.S. population has GAD during the course of a year.
- GAD most often strikes people in childhood or adolescence, but can begin in adulthood,
too. It affects women more often than men.
What Causes GAD?
Some research suggests that GAD may run in families, and it may also grow worse during
stress. GAD usually begins at an earlier age and symptoms may manifest themselves more
slowly than in most other anxiety disorders.
What Treatments Are Available for GAD?
Treatments for GAD include medications, cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation
techniques, and biofeedback to control muscle tension. Successful treatment may include a
medication called buspirone. Research into the effectiveness of other medications, such as
benzodiazapines and antidepressants, is ongoing.
Can People with GAD Also Have Other Physical and Emotional Illnesses?
Research shows that GAD often coexists with depression, substance abuse, or other
anxiety disorders. Other conditions associated with stress, such as irritable bowel
syndrome, often accompany GAD. Patients with physical symptoms such as insomnia or
headaches should also tell their doctors about their feelings of worry and tension. This
will help the patient's health care provider to recognize that the person is suffering
from GAD.
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